Chuma chapitilizabe kuchira ndikukhala bwino, ndipo malonda a katundu ku China akhalabe olimba mtima ngakhale atakakamizidwa ndi mayiko akunja.
Mkulu wina wochokera ku Unduna wa Zamalonda posachedwapa, potanthauzira "khadi la lipoti" la zachuma ndi zamalonda, adanenanso kuti kuyambira pachiyambi cha chaka chino, malonda akunja aku China apita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono m'malo ovuta. Makampani ambiri ogulitsa akunja asintha malinga ndi kusintha ndipo akufunafuna zatsopano. Ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana zothandizira mabizinesi zakhazikitsidwa bwino, ndipo malonda a katundu afika "panthawi yomweyo kuchuluka ndi ubwino", kusonyeza kulimba mtima kwapadera ndi mphamvu za malonda akunja aku China.
Malinga ndi deta yomwe yatulutsidwa ndi General Administration of Customs, m'miyezi isanu yoyambirira ya chaka chino, mtengo wonse wa malonda a katundu wochokera kunja ndi kunja kwa China unafika pa 17.94 trillion yuan, womwe unawonjezeka ndi 2.5% pachaka, zomwe zikupitiriza kukula. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa makampani achinsinsi omwe amatumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kunafika pa 10.25 trillion yuan, komwe kunawonjezeka ndi 7%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 57.1% ya mtengo wonse wa malonda akunja ku China, kuwonjezeka kwa 2.4 peresenti poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.
Unduna wa Zamalonda unanena kuti pagawo lotsatira, poyang'anizana ndi malo ovuta komanso osakhazikika akunja, udzakulitsa mosalekeza kutseguka kwapamwamba ndikuyankha ku kusatsimikizika kwa malo akunja ndi chitsimikizo cha chitukuko chapamwamba. Pakadali pano, China ikuyembekeza kugwira ntchito ndi mabizinesi ambiri kuti athetse mavuto ndi zovuta pamodzi ndikulimbikitsa mgwirizano wopindulitsa aliyense.
"Zatsopano" ndi "golide wochuluka" wa malonda akunja zakhala zikuwonjezeka nthawi zonse
Pakadali pano, pakupita patsogolo kwapamwamba, sitima yayikulu yamalonda yakunja ya ku China ikupitilizabe kuyenda bwino m'mafunde.
Kuyambira chaka chino, China yatsatira mfundo yogwirira ntchito yofunafuna kupita patsogolo pamene ikusunga bata, yakhazikitsa mokwanira, molondola komanso mokwanira mfundo zatsopano za chitukuko, yafulumizitsa kupangidwa kwa njira yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba. Ndondomeko zonse zomwe zilipo komanso zatsopano zapitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikugwira ntchito. Ntchito zachuma zayamba pang'onopang'ono, chitukuko ndi chatsopano komanso chabwino, ndipo malonda akunja apita patsogolo movutikira, zomwe zapangitsa kuti kukula kwachuma kukhale bwino komanso kukweza khalidwe.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za kasitomu, m'miyezi isanu yoyambirira ya 2025, mtengo wonse wa malonda a katundu wochokera kunja ndi kunja kwa China unali 17.94 trillion yuan, womwe unakwera ndi 2.5% pachaka. Mu Meyi, mtengo wonse wa malonda a katundu wochokera kunja ndi kunja kwa China unali 3.81 trillion yuan, womwe unakwera ndi 2.7%.
Mkulu wofunikira kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zamalonda adati pamsonkhano wa atolankhani womwe unachitika posachedwa kuti poganizira za "khadi la lipoti" la zachuma ndi zamalonda la miyezi isanu yoyambirira, makhalidwe a malonda akunja aku China amawonekera makamaka m'mbali zitatu: "gulu la mabwenzi" osiyanasiyana, kusonkhana mwachangu kwa "mphamvu zatsopano", ndi mphamvu za mabungwe ogulitsa akunja.
M'miyezi isanu yoyambirira, misika yatsopano idathandizira kwambiri. Kugula ndi kutumiza kunja kwa China pamodzi ndi mayiko omwe akumanga limodzi Belt and Road Initiative kudakwera ndi 4.2%. Msika udakula ndi 9.1% ku ASEAN ndi 12.4% ku Africa, ndipo msika wosiyanasiyana udapitilira kukula.
Malinga ndi momwe ogwirizana nawo amalonda amaonera, kukula kwa malonda pakati pa China ndi Africa kwafika pamlingo watsopano kwa nthawi yomweyi m'mbiri. M'miyezi isanu yoyambirira ya chaka chino, katundu wochokera ku China ndi mayiko aku Africa adafika pa 963.21 biliyoni ya yuan, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti 5.4% ya mtengo wonse wochokera ku China ndi katundu wochokera kunja.
Zikumveka kuti kuyambira pomwe bungwe la Forum on China-Africa Cooperation linakhazikitsidwa mu 2000, ubale wa China-Africa wafika pakukula kwakukulu. Mgwirizano wa zachuma ndi zamalonda pakati pa mbali ziwirizi wakula kwambiri mpaka kufika pamlingo wapamwamba, kuzama kwambiri komanso minda yotakata. China yakhalabe bwenzi lalikulu kwambiri la malonda ku Africa kwa zaka 16 zotsatizana, ndipo kukula kwa malonda kwakhala kufika pamlingo wapamwamba mobwerezabwereza. Malinga ndi China-Africa Trade Index yomwe idapangidwa ndi Chinese Customs, kuyambira pomwe bungwe la Forum on China-Africa Cooperation linakhazikitsidwa mu 2000, chiwerengerochi chakwera mofulumira kuchokera pamtengo woyambira wa mapointi 100, ndikudutsa mapointi 1,000 mu 2023 ndikufika pa mapointi 1,056.53 mu 2024. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ziwerengerozi ndi chiwonetsero chowonekera bwino cha chitukuko champhamvu cha malonda pakati pa China-Africa.
Pakadali pano, "zinthu zatsopano" ndi "golide" wa malonda akunja aku China zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo mpikisano wa zinthu zamakono komanso zamtengo wapatali wawonjezeka.
Deta ya kasitomu ikuwonetsa kuti m'miyezi isanu yoyambirira, kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zamakanika ndi zamagetsi ku China kunafika pa 6.4 thililiyoni yuan, zomwe zinakwera ndi 9.3% pachaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 60% ya mtengo wonse wotumizira kunja mdzikolo. Pakati pa izi, zida zogwiritsira ntchito deta zokha ndi zida zake zinafika pa 575.23 biliyoni yuan, zomwe zinawonjezeka ndi 3.9%. Ma circuits olumikizidwa anafika pa 526.4 biliyoni yuan, zomwe zinawonjezeka ndi 18.9%. Magalimoto anafika pa 351.37 biliyoni yuan, zomwe zinawonjezeka ndi 6.6%. Makina wamba anawonjezeka ndi 9.5%, magalimoto amagetsi ndi 19%, ndipo amatumizidwa ndi 18.9%.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yatsopano ya malonda akunja monga kukonza mabondi yabweretsa chitukuko chatsopano. Unduna wa Zamalonda unanena kuti wagwira ntchito ndi madipatimenti oyenerera kuti atulutse mndandanda woyamba wa mabuku osungira mabondi a madera ochitira malonda aulere. Madera omwe akukwaniritsa zofunikira amatha kuchita bizinesi yokonza mabondi pazinthu zamtengo wapatali monga ndege ndi zombo. Pofika mu Meyi, mapulojekiti opitilira 280 okonza mabondi akhazikitsidwa mdziko lonselo.
Pitirizani kulimbitsa mphamvu yaikulu ya makampani achinsinsi ogulitsa malonda akunja
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chifukwa cha kukula kwachuma cha anthu achinsinsi ku China komanso kukula kwa mphamvu zake padziko lonse lapansi, makampani achinsinsi akhala mphamvu yofunika kwambiri kuti makampani aku China "apite padziko lonse lapansi".
Deta ya kasitomu ikuwonetsa kuti m'miyezi isanu yoyambirira ya chaka chino, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe makampani achinsinsi amatumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kwawonjezeka ndi 7%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 57.1% ya zinthu zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndi kutumiza kunja, zomwe zakwera ndi 2.4 peresenti poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Pakati pa izi, zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zafika pa 6.97 trillion yuan, zomwe zawonjezeka ndi 8%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 65.4% ya mtengo wonse wa zinthu zomwe China imatumiza kunja. Zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zafika pa 3.28 trillion yuan, zomwe zawonjezeka ndi 4.9%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 45.1% ya zinthu zonse zomwe China imatumiza kunja.
Mtolankhani wa Changjiang Business Daily adazindikira kuti kuyambira mu 2019, mabizinesi achinsinsi apambana mabizinesi othandizidwa ndi mayiko akunja kukhala bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri yamalonda akunja ku China. Chuma chachinsinsi chakhala chikugulitsa theka la malonda akunja ndi ndalama zakunja kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi motsatizana.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a malonda akunja, kuyambira 2012 mpaka 2024, kuchuluka kwapakati pachaka kwa kuchuluka kwa malonda ochokera kunja ndi kunja kwa mabizinesi achinsinsi ku China kunali 11%, ndipo chiwerengero chawo mu kuchuluka konse kwa malonda ochokera kunja ndi kunja kwa dziko chinakwera kuchoka pa 30% kufika pa 50%. Mu 2024, kuchuluka konse kwa katundu wochokera kunja ndi kunja kwa China kunafika pa 43,846.8 biliyoni ya yuan, kuwonjezeka ndi 5.0% pachaka. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa malonda ochokera kunja ndi kunja kwa mabizinesi achinsinsi kunali 24,332.9 biliyoni ya yuan, kuwonjezeka ndi 8.8% pachaka, zomwe zikutanthauza 55.5% ya kuchuluka konse kwa malonda ochokera kunja ndi kunja. Mu 2024, padzakhala mabizinesi pafupifupi 700,000 omwe ali ndi ntchito yeniyeni yotumiza kunja ndi kunja m'dziko lonselo, zomwe zikuyika mbiri yatsopano ya chiwerengerocho. Pakati pawo, chiwerengero cha mabizinesi achinsinsi omwe ali ndi ntchito yeniyeni yotumiza kunja ndi kunja chinapitirira 600,000 koyamba, kufika pa 609,000.
Ngakhale kukula kwa malonda akunja kwafika pakukula mwachangu, kukula kwa makampani achinsinsi kwakhala kukukulirakulirabe. Mu 2024, kuchuluka kwa ukadaulo wazinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi kutumizidwa ndi makampani achinsinsi kunapitilira kukwera, zomwe zidawapangitsa kukhala ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa zinthu zaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri ku China koyamba. Kutumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zaukadaulo wapamwamba kunakwera ndi 12.6%, ndipo gawo lawo la mtengo wonse wazinthu zomwe China imatumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zofanana zinakwera kufika pa 48.5%.
Chaka chino, ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zakunja, makampani achinsinsi awonetsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso ubwino wopikisana. Ayankha ku "zatsopano", apita ku "zatsopano", apanga zinthu zatsopano ndi zabwino zatsopano, apanga mitundu yatsopano ya mabizinesi ndi mitundu, amayesetsa kufufuza misika yatsopano ndi malo atsopano, ndikuwonjezera "zatsopano" zamalonda akunja.
Lipoti la Ntchito za Boma la chaka chino likugogomezera kuti kuyesetsa kuyenera kupangidwa kuti kulimbikitse mfundo zokhazikitsira malonda akunja, kuthandizira mabizinesi pakusunga malamulo ndi kukulitsa misika, kukonza ntchito zachuma monga ndalama, kuthetsa mavuto ndi kusinthana ndalama zakunja, kukulitsa kukula ndi kufalikira kwa inshuwaransi ya ngongole yotumiza kunja, ndikulimbitsa chithandizo kwa mabizinesi kuti achite nawo ndikuchita ziwonetsero kunja. Pa msonkhano wa mabizinesi achinsinsi womwe unachitika kumayambiriro kwa chaka, chidwi chachikulu chinaperekedwanso pankhani ya mabizinesi achinsinsi omwe akupita padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, mabizinesi achinsinsi athandizira kupita patsogolo kosalekeza komanso kusintha kwa khalidwe la malonda akunja, ndipo mfundo zothandizira ndalama ndi ndalama nazonso zachita gawo losasinthika komanso lofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi.
Pa mlingo wa m'deralo, chithandizo chikuperekedwa kuti makampani amalonda akunja akule ndikukula, ndipo madera osiyanasiyana akuyesetsanso mosalekeza. Posachedwapa, Sichuan yakhazikitsa pulogalamu yolima ya "Hundred Leading Enterprises and Thousand Upgrading Enterprises" kwa makampani akunja mu 2025, cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa kukula kwa msika wawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kukana zoopsa. Zhejiang yakhazikitsa "Global Trade Belt Export Plan" kuti ithandize makampani ambiri akunja "kutumiza kunja kwa chizindikiro ndi malonda apadziko lonse". Shandong yakhazikitsa dongosolo lokulitsa msika wapadziko lonse la "10,000 Enterprises Going Global, Shandong Trade Globally", kutumikira mabizinesi mokwanira pakukulitsa misika yawo, kuwonjezera maoda ndikukhazikitsa magawo awo pamsika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-17-2025