Posachedwapa, deta yomwe idatulutsidwa ndi dipatimenti yoona za ziwerengero ku South Korea idadzetsa nkhawa yayikulu: mu 2023, zinthu zomwe South Korea idagula kuchokera ku malonda apaintaneti ku China zidakwera ndi 121.2% pachaka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, China yadutsa United States kukhala gwero lalikulu la zinthu zomwe South Korea idagula kuchokera ku malonda apaintaneti.
Ichi ndi chitsanzo chaposachedwa cha kukula mwachangu kwa malonda apaintaneti ku China. Deta yochokera ku Unduna wa Zamalonda ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2023, malonda apaintaneti ochokera ku China anali 2.38 trillion yuan, kuwonjezeka kwa 15.6%. Pakati pawo, malonda otumizidwa kunja anafika 1.83 trillion yuan, kuwonjezeka ndi 19.6 peresenti chaka ndi chaka.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zatsopano zomwe zikuchitika pa malonda apaintaneti omwe amapititsa patsogolo kutumiza kunja kwa dziko? Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti zomwe zikuchititsa kuti zinthu zipite patsogolo mofulumira? Kodi tsogolo la dziko likuyenda bwanji? Ndi mafunso awa, mtolankhani wathu adachita kuyankhulana.
Nyimbo ya "Blue Ocean" ili ndi zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa
Pa 4 February, ndege yonyamula katundu wodutsa malire monga zovala, nsapato ndi zipewa, zipangizo ndi zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku inauluka kuchokera ku Raining International Airport ku Kashgar, Xinjiang Province kupita ku Bournemouth, UK. Ndege yonyamula katunduyo imanyamula katundu wokonzedwa ndi opanga aku China kuti akagulitse makampani odutsa malire monga Amazon ndi Wish.
"Timapereka zinthu zogulira, zoyendera, zosonkhanitsa zidziwitso za katundu ndi ntchito zina zamalonda akunja, ndipo ndife otenga nawo mbali mu unyolo wogulitsira malonda akunja. Kaya ndi kakang'ono ngati chingwe chamutu, zophimba tsitsi, zazikulu ngati majenereta, zida zamakina, zomwe makasitomala akunja amafunikira, timathandiza kugula zomwe akufuna." Zhang Qi, mkulu wa Fengyun Supply chain Technology (Xinjiang) Co., LTD., adauza mtolankhani wathu kuti mayendedwe azinthu zamalonda akunja amaika kufunika kwakukulu pa nthawi yake. Kashgar ili ndi mwayi wapadera wokhala ndi "anthu asanu kudzera m'maiko asanu ndi atatu, mpaka ku Europe ndi Asia", ndipo bwalo lazachuma la ndege la maola 1.5 limatha kuphimba mizinda ikuluikulu ya mayiko 8 monga Pakistan ndi Tajikistan, yomwe ili ndi mwayi wapadera wokhala ndi malo amalonda akunja.
Malinga ndi Zhang Qi, pakadali pano, Kashgar Customs ikugwiritsa ntchito "maola 7 × 24" olembera chilolezo cha misonkho, kusamalira bwino njira zochotsera misonkho, ndikukhazikitsa "pamene ifika, ikafika, ikatulutsidwa", zomwe zimathandiza mabizinesi kusunga mphamvu zambiri kuti apange makasitomala atsopano pamsika waku Europe potengera kuphatikiza misika ya Central Asia ndi South Asia. "Kuyambira 2021, ndalama zomwe kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito zakula pamlingo woposa 100% chaka chilichonse. Pambuyo potsegulira njira yonyamula katundu kuchokera ku Kashgar kupita ku Bournemouth, katundu wotumizidwa kunja womwe kampaniyo imasamalira wawonjezeka kwambiri. Tinakhala Chikondwerero cha Spring cha Chaka cha Chinjoka ndi antchito a misonkho!" adatero Zhang Qi.
Kuwonjezera pa kukulitsa gawo la malo opingasa, chitukuko cha magawo opingasa a msika chawonjezeranso njira zambiri za "buluu la nyanja" ku malonda apaintaneti odutsa malire.
Huang Kai, wochokera ku Shaoyang, Hunan Province, anabadwa mu 1999. Ngakhale kuti anali wamng'ono, ali ndi chidziwitso chambiri pa bizinesi. Atamaliza maphunziro ake ku koleji, Huang Kai adapeza kuti bizinesi ya amalume ake yogulira tebulo ndi mipando inali yopikisana kwambiri komanso yovuta kupita patsogolo mwachangu. Choncho Huang anayang'ana kwambiri njira za pa intaneti. Atafufuza mitundu yonse ya deta yochokera ku shopu yake ku Ali International Station, Huang Kai akukhulupirira kuti kutumiza sofa kunja ndi njira yabwino.
“Chidebe chimodzi chimatha kusunga matebulo ndi mipando yodyera 2,000, koma magulu 18 okha a masofa, kotero makampani ambiri sakufuna kutumiza masofa kunja.” Komabe, palibe kufunikira kwakukulu kwa masofa kuchokera kwa makasitomala akunja.” Huang Kai adauza mtolankhaniyu kuti atakhazikitsa njira imeneyi, adayamba kufufuza momwe masofa ogwira ntchito ndi masofa ophatikizana amagwirira ntchito kuti atumizidwe kumisika ya ku Europe ndi America mothandizidwa ndi amalume ake.
Zapezeka kuti Huang Kai ali panjira yoyenera. Kuyambira chaka chimodzi ndi theka kukhazikitsidwa, Jiezhu Furniture Co., Ltd. ya Huang Kai yakula mofulumira, ndi kuchuluka kwa kutumiza kunja kwa mwezi woposa ma yuan 2 miliyoni mu 2023. "Kudzera mu malonda apaintaneti odutsa malire, mafakitale akale amathanso kupanga zinthu zatsopano. Kumbali imodzi, mothandizidwa ndi nsanja zapaintaneti zodutsa malire, timalankhulana mwachindunji ndi makasitomala amitundu yonse akunja ndikumvetsetsa bwino momwe msika ulili; Kumbali ina, tikupitiliza kupanga zatsopano muzinthu zathu ndikukweza magwiridwe antchito azinthu zathu." Huang Kai adati malinga ndi chitukuko cha izi, akuyembekezeka kuti mu 2024, mtengo wotumizira kunja kwa mipando ya Jiezhu ukuyembekezeka kufika ma yuan 3 miliyoni kapena ngakhale ma yuan 4 miliyoni pamwezi.
Lu Daliang, wolankhulira General Administration of Customs komanso director wa Dipatimenti Yofufuza Ziwerengero, akukhulupirira kuti chitukuko chachangu cha malonda apaintaneti odutsa malire sichimangokwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za ogula m'nyumba, komanso chimathandiza zinthu zaku China kufikira dziko lonse lapansi, kukhala mphamvu yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa malonda akunja.
Mphepo ya masika ya ndondomeko imabweretsa kutentha
Malonda apa intaneti odutsa malire adzatumiza katundu wambiri kumayiko ndi madera ambiri monga ma phukusi ang'onoang'ono odutsa malire, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi njira yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo malonda akunja. Wang Shouwen, wokambirana za malonda apadziko lonse lapansi komanso Wachiwiri kwa Nduna ya Zamalonda, adati makampani a nsanja za e-commerce zodutsa malire ku United States ndi otchuka kwambiri, ndipo tsopano China ilinso ndi nsanja yolimba komanso yotchuka ya e-commerce yodutsa malire, ndipo kutsitsa ma APP kuli pakati pa apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi zomwe zaperekedwa ndi Shanghai Customs, mu 2023, chiwerengero cha malonda apaintaneti omwe amatumizidwa kunja kwa dzikolo m'madoko a eyapoti ku Shanghai chinafika pa matikiti 440 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa pafupifupi kawiri pachaka komanso kukwera kwambiri; Mtengo wonse wotumizira kunja unapitirira 85 biliyoni ya yuan. Pakati pawo, Aliexpress, Xiyin, Pinduoduo ndi nsanja zina zatsopano zamalonda apaintaneti zaku China zili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, ndi maoda opitilira 400,000 patsiku.
Kuyambira pakupanga mafakitale odziwika bwino a malonda apa intaneti mpaka kukonza luso lapadera, kukula, ndi luntha la nyumba zosungiramo katundu zakunja, kuyambira pakukweza luso la ntchito zonyamula katundu panyanja ndi pandege komanso kuchuluka kwa ma radiation mpaka kupitiliza kukhazikitsa mfundo za misonkho yobweza katundu wobwezedwa kudzera mu malonda apa intaneti… M'zaka zaposachedwa, mfundo za masika ku China zakhala chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri pakukula mwachangu kwa malonda apa intaneti.
– Kupereka zinthu zambiri. Zhejiang Yiwu Shenglin Trading Co., Ltd. ndi gulu loyamba la amalonda kulowa mu nsanja ya e-commerce ya malire "Duoduo cross-border", yomwe zinthu zake zimaphatikizapo zinthu zapakhomo, zida za kukhitchini, malo osungiramo zinthu m'bafa, zinthu za mafashoni ndi zina zotero. Posakhalitsa itafika, kuchuluka kwa maoda a tsiku ndi tsiku a Shenglin Trading pa Temu kunafika pafupifupi maoda 30,000. Malinga ndi Guo Xinxin, manejala wamkulu wa kampaniyo, chifukwa cha mfundo zothandizira madipatimenti aboma pamlingo wonse wamakampani opanga zinthu komanso njira yonse yosungira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kudutsa malire, ubwino wa "makampani ndi kuphatikiza malonda + fakitale yogwirizana" yamakampani ukhoza kuseweredwa mokwanira, kuti akwaniritse zosowa za ogula akunja.
– Kuchotsa katundu mwachangu pa katundu wa pa intaneti. Pa Januwale 24, ku malo ochotsera katundu wa pa intaneti a Customs ku Guangxi Youyi Pass Port, ma phukusi otumizira katundu wa pa intaneti ochokera kumayiko ena anadutsa mwachangu zida zowunikira makina pamzere wosankhika ndipo anayikidwa mgalimoto atayang'aniridwa ndi katundu wa pa intaneti. Zhang Wei, manejala wamkulu wa Guangxi Overfly Supply Chain Management Co., LTD., adapeza kuti katundu yemwe akufunika kuunikiridwa amathanso kutuluka mdziko muno tsiku lomwelo, ndipo katundu yemwe sakufunika kuunikiridwa akhoza kutumizidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo akhoza kutumizidwa ku Vietnam mkati mwa maola awiri. "Mwa kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira zosavulaza monga makina a X-ray ndikulimbitsa kufananiza kwa sikirini yomweyo, timachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma phukusi otsegulidwa ndikufulumizitsa kuyang'anira ndi kutulutsa katundu." Gao Lu, wachiwiri kwa mkulu wa gawo la Friendly Customs supervision, anati.
– “Sewerani” kwambiri pa intaneti. Chaka chatha, Alibaba International Station idatsogolera pakuyambitsa malonda akunja a AI, omwe ali ndi ntchito monga kumasula ndi kuyang'anira zinthu mwanzeru, kusanthula msika, kulandira makasitomala, kumasulira nthawi yeniyeni ndi kasamalidwe ka mabizinesi, kuti mabizinesi otumiza kunja athe kulankhulana mosavuta komanso mwachangu ndi makasitomala akunja ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wamabizinesi. Munthu woyenera woyang'anira Alibaba International Station amakhulupirira kuti kaya ndi nsanja yamalonda yakunja ya digito, kapena mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, kuyambitsidwa kwa mfundo zingapo zothandizira malonda a pa intaneti kwakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, kuthandiza zinthu zaku China kuti zifulumizitse nyanja. Ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa njira zatsopano, “sewero” la malonda a pa intaneti la m'malire lidzawonjezekanso, ndipo malire a smes kutumiza kunja akuyembekezeka kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kubweretsa China pafupi ndi dziko lapansi
Malonda apaintaneti opitilira malire apangitsa kuti zinthu zaku China zipite patsogolo kwambiri, pomwe amalola zinthu zambiri zaku China kuti zigwirizane ndi zovala, chakudya, nyumba ndi mayendedwe a ogula akunja, zomwe zachepetsa mtunda pakati pa China ndi dziko lonse lapansi.
Titha kuyandikira kwambiri kudzera mu chakudya chabwino. "Liuzhou nkhono noodles ndi chakudya chapadera, ndipo ndikuyembekeza kuti ndizilimbikitsa kwa anthu ambiri aku China ochokera kunja." Zheng Xiaozhen, yemwe adabwerera ku Canada, adatero. Malinga ndi Ou Haoxuan, mkulu wa dipatimenti ya zamalonda akunja ku Guangxi Luobawang Food Technology Co., LTD., m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, kampaniyo yakhala ikukulitsa kwambiri misika yakunja kudzera mu malonda apaintaneti, ndipo chinthu choyamba "Luobawang Luosifen" chalowa bwino m'misika yayikulu monga United States, Canada ndi Southeast Asia.
Ou Hao Xuan adauza mtolankhaniyu kuti malonda apaintaneti ochokera m'malire amalola mabizinesi kufikira ogula padziko lonse lapansi mwachindunji, kuyankha mwachangu kusintha kwa msika ndikulimbikitsa zatsopano za malonda. "Luosifen ili ndi kukoma kwapadera kwa 'kowawasa, kokoma, kotsitsimula, kochititsa dzanzi komanso kotentha'. Tsopano, tikupanga zinthu zatsopano zomwe makasitomala amakonda m'madera osiyanasiyana, kukonza njira zotsatsira malonda zakomweko, ndikukonzekera mgwirizano ndi olemba mabulogu odziwika bwino akunja kuti awonjezere kuwonekera ndi mphamvu za malonda athu pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi." 'adatero.
Tsekani mtunda, komanso popanga zida zamoyo. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2023, wamalonda waku Romania adavala ngati Santa Claus ndipo adakwera njinga yamagetsi yamtundu wa "Jinpeng" yopangidwa ku China kuti agawire mphatso za Chaka Chatsopano kwa ana, zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri. Hou Dafu, mtsogoleri wa nsanja ya Jinpeng Group ya Jinyishun yakunja, adauza mtolankhaniyu kuti ma tricyke amagetsi, monga chida chofunikira kwambiri chopangira ndi mayendedwe a anthu wamba, mwachizolowezi amadalira kwambiri masitolo osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti aziwonetsa ndi kugulitsa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masitolo osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso kukwera kwa ndalama, misika yakunja yakhala malo oyambira ofunikira kuti mabizinesi akulitse malo atsopano okulirapo.
"Mothandizidwa ndi malonda apaintaneti odutsa malire, tikuwonetsa makhalidwe a njinga zamagalimoto zamagalimoto atatu zamagetsi zoyendera mtunda waufupi, zonyamula katundu, kusunga mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe kwa makasitomala akunja kudzera mu kuwulutsa pompopompo, ndipo talandira maoda ambiri popanda kupita kunja kukatsegula masitolo." Kuyambira mu 2019, kutumiza kwathu kunja kwawonjezeka ndi oposa 30% pachaka, ndipo tagulitsa kumayiko ndi madera opitilira 80 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo gulu lathu lamalonda akunja lakula kuchoka pa anthu 5 kufika pa anthu opitilira 60." Hou Dafu adati chaka chino, Jinpeng Group ikukonzekera mwachangu sitolo yoyamba yayikulu yakunja, kumanga nyumba yosungiramo katundu yakunja, kukhazikitsa mafakitale opangira zinthu kunja, ndikukulitsa bizinesi yotumiza kunja.
Malinga ndi deta ya Unduna wa Zamalonda, pali mabizinesi 645,000 omwe ali ndi malonda akunja omwe amatumiza ndi kutumiza kunja mdzikolo, ndipo mwa iwo pali mabungwe opitilira 100,000 ogulitsa pa intaneti. Ubwino wapadera wopangidwa ku China komanso kufunikira kwakukulu m'misika yakunja kwawonjezera chidaliro kwa akatswiri ogulitsa pa intaneti omwe amatumiza ndi kutumiza kunja.
Liu Hang, manejala wa bizinesi ya Duoduo yodutsa malire, anati kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu Seputembala 2022, Duoduo Cross-border yatsegula mabizinesi m'maiko opitilira 40. Mpaka pano, Duodo Cross-border yakhala ikulimbikitsa zinthu zopangira zapamwamba kuchokera ku Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui ndi malo ena kuti zilowe m'maiko ndi madera opitilira 40 ku North America, Europe, Asia ndi malo ena, ndipo imatumiza kunja ma phukusi opitilira 400,000 patsiku. Kukongola kwa Guangzhou, zinthu za digito za Shenzhen, zovala za ana za Huzhou, nsapato za Wenzhou, zinthu zapulasitiki za Taizhou, makapu a thermos a Jinhua, ndi zina zotero, zimathandizira kwambiri pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa ogula akunja. "Tidzagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ogulitsa akunja kuti tipange 'keke' ya katundu wapakhomo wopita kunyanja kukhala wokulirapo." Liu Hang adatero.
Chitsime: Magazini ya People's Daily Overseas
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-21-2024