Pa Januwale 11, kope la 9 la Economic Daily linanena za Hubei, ndipo linayambitsa nkhani yakuti “Kubwezeretsa Makampani Opindulitsa Achikhalidwe – Hubei ikuchita kafukufuku wokhudza kusamutsa Makampani Opanga Nsalu ndi Zovala Zam'mphepete mwa Nyanja”. Yang'anani pa Hubei kuti igwiritse ntchito njira yatsopano yopangira zinthu komanso makampani opanga nsalu ndi Zovala Zam'mphepete mwa Nyanja kuti atumize mwayi kumadera apakati ndi akumadzulo, ndikulimbikitsa mwamphamvu makampani opanga zovala kuti akhale apamwamba, anzeru, komanso obiriwira. Nayi nkhani yonse:
Makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ndi makampani ofunikira okhudzana ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu. Monga makampani opindulitsa achikhalidwe, makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei ali ndi mbiri yakale, maziko olimba komanso makhalidwe apadera, koma chitukuko cha mafakitale chakhalanso chotsika. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kusamutsidwa kwa makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala m'mphepete mwa nyanja kupita ku dziko lalikulu, Hubei yabweretsa mwayi watsopano wokonzanso makampani opanga nsalu. Kodi Hubei ingagwiritse ntchito njira zatsopano ndi mwayi uwu?
Ndi kusintha ndi kutseguka, makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala apita patsogolo mofulumira m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga Guangdong, Fujian ndi Zhejiang. Kuyambira m'ma 1980, anthu aku Hubei abwera kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kudzadzipereka ku makampani opanga zovala, ndipo pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo ya kusonkhanitsa, atuluka m'dziko lawolawo.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha zinthu monga zipangizo zopangira, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndi kusintha kwa mfundo zamafakitale, makampani ambiri opanga nsalu ndi zovala m'mphepete mwa nyanja asamukira ku dziko lalikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, antchito ambiri ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale ku Hubei adabwerera ku Hubei, zomwe zidapereka mwayi kwa "bizinesi yachiwiri" yamakampani opanga zovala ku Hubei. Hubei imaona kuti ntchito za anthu obwerera ku Hubei ndizofunikira kwambiri, idapereka dongosolo lokonzanso makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei, idakonza ndikumanga malo ambiri opangira nsalu ndi zovala komanso malo osonkhanitsira, ndipo idatenga makampani ambiri opanga nsalu ndi zovala omwe adasamukira kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kodi anthu osamukira awa akuchita bwanji? Kodi tsogolo la chitukuko cha makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei ndi lotani? Atolankhani anabwera ku Jingmen, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Xiantao, Qianjiang ndi malo ena kuti akafufuze za kukonzanso kwa makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei.
Kuchita kusamutsa chidaliro
Polankhula zoona, poyerekeza ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pali zofooka pakukula kwa mafakitale a nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei. Ponena za mphamvu ya ogwira ntchito, ndalama zambiri zomwe madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja amalandira zimakopa antchito aluso apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpikisano wodziwika bwino wa talente ndi Hubei; Ponena za unyolo wa mafakitale, ngakhale kuti kutulutsa ulusi ndi nsalu ku Hubei kuli patsogolo pa dzikolo, pali kusowa kwa makampani opangira zinthu monga kusindikiza, kupaka utoto ndi kupereka zinthu monga zowonjezera pamwamba, makamaka kusowa kwa makampani akuluakulu, ndipo unyolo wa mafakitale sunamalizidwebe. Ponena za malo ndi msika, madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga Guangdong ndi Fujian ali ndi ubwino wofanana kwambiri pa malonda apaintaneti ndi madera ena.
Komabe, palinso zabwino zambiri pakukula kwa mafakitale opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei. Poganizira za maziko a mafakitale, makampani opanga zovala ndi makampani opindulitsa achikhalidwe ku Hubei, okhala ndi dongosolo lathunthu komanso magulu athunthu. Wuhan wakhala likulu lalikulu kwambiri la mafakitale opanga nsalu ku Central China kwa nthawi yayitali. Poganizira za mtundu wa kampaniyi, m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, pomwe Hanzheng Street ndiye malo obadwira, gulu la mitundu ya zovala zamtundu wa Han monga Aidi, Red people, ndi Cat people linatchuka mdzikolo, likuyimira sukulu ya Hangzhou ndi sukulu ya Guangdong, ndipo "Qianjiang Tailor" ndi chizindikiro chagolide cha Hubei. Poganizira za momwe magalimoto alili, Hubei ili pakati pa kapangidwe ka diamondi yachuma ku China, Mtsinje wa Yangtze umadutsa, mizere yoyendera yakum'mawa-kumadzulo, kumpoto-kum'mwera imakumana ku Wuhan, ndipo Ezhou Huahu Airport, eyapoti yayikulu kwambiri yonyamula katundu ku Asia, yatsegulidwa. Zabwino izi ndiye maziko a chitukuko cha makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei.
"Poganizira za chitukuko, kusamutsa mafakitale a nsalu ndi zovala ndi chisankho chosapeŵeka mogwirizana ndi malamulo azachuma." Xie Qing, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wamkulu wa China Textile Industry Enterprise Management Association, anati masiku ano, mtengo wa malo ndi antchito m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja wakwera kwambiri kuposa kale, ndipo chitukuko cha mafakitale a nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei chakhala ndi mbiri yakale ndipo chili ndi maziko osinthira mafakitale.
Pakadali pano, makampani opanga zovala akupita patsogolo kwambiri, anzeru komanso obiriwira, misika yamkati ndi yapadziko lonse yasintha kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi msika wogulitsa wa makampani opanga zovala ndi nsalu ku China nawonso asintha. Makampani opanga zovala ndi zovala ku Hubei akuyankha mwachangu kusintha kwa msika, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika pamsika kuti ayambenso kutchuka.
"M'nthawi ikubwerayi, mwayi wa makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei ukuposa zovuta." Sheng Yuechun, wachiwiri kwa bwanamkubwa wa Chigawo cha Hubei komanso membala wa gulu lotsogola la chipani, adati Hubei yalemba makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ngati imodzi mwa makampani asanu ndi anayi omwe akutukuka kumene. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2022, makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei ali ndi mabizinesi 1,651 omwe ali pamalamulo, omwe amapeza ndalama zokwana 335.86 biliyoni ya yuan, omwe ali pa nambala 5 mdziko muno, ndipo akuchita bwino kwambiri powonetsetsa kuti pali zinthu zomwe zikuperekedwa, kuyambitsa kufunikira kwa anthu m'nyumba, kukonza ntchito ndikuwonjezera ndalama.
Mu kotala lachinayi la 2022, chifukwa cha mliri wa COVID-19 komanso kusintha kwa mfundo zamafakitale ku Guangdong, antchito ambiri aluso ochokera ku Hubei adabwerera ku Hubei. Malinga ndi ndemanga ya bungwe la mafashoni a zovala la Hubei Chamber of Commerce ku Guangdong Province, pali anthu pafupifupi 300,000 omwe akuchita ntchito yokonza zovala mu "mudzi wa Hubei" ku Guangdong, ndipo pafupifupi 70% ya ogwira ntchito adabwerera ku Hubei panthawiyo. Akatswiri akulosera kuti 60% mwa anthu 300,000 omwe ali mu "midzi ya Hubei" adzakhala ku Hubei kuti akapeze ntchito.
Kubwerera kwa ogwira ntchito aluso kumapereka mwayi wosintha ndi kukweza makampani opanga zovala ku Hubei. Ku Chigawo cha Hubei, ogwira ntchito osamukira kumeneku si vuto la ntchito lofunika kuthetsedwa, komanso ndi mphamvu yothandiza pakukweza mafakitale. Pachifukwa ichi, Komiti ya Chipani cha Hubei Provincial Party ndi boma la chigawo amaliona kuti ndi lofunika kwambiri ndipo achita misonkhano yapadera ingapo kuti aphunzire njira zoyendetsera kusamutsa mafakitale ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani opanga zovala ndi zovala. Sheng Yuechun adatsogolera ndikutsogolera zochitika zambiri monga msonkhano wosintha ukadaulo wa nsalu ndi zovala komanso msonkhano wa akatswiri mumakampani opanga zovala ndi zovala zamakono kuti apemphe maganizo, kuthetsa mavuto, kusintha vutoli kukhala mwayi, ndikujambula pulani ya kuyamba kwachiwiri kwa makampani opanga zovala ku Hubei.
Njira yosiyana yolumikizirana mpikisano
Pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale kubwerera kwawo ndikulimbikitsa kusintha kwakukulu ndi kukweza makampani opanga zovala, Chigawo cha Hubei chinapereka Ndondomeko Yogwirira Ntchito ya Zaka Zitatu Yopangira Kukula Kwabwino kwa Makampani Opanga Nsalu ndi Zovala ku Chigawo cha Hubei (2023-2025), kuwonetsa momwe chitukuko cha makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala chidzayendere.
"Dongosolo" likunena momveka bwino kuti ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko ndi mwayi wa makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti asamukire kumadera apakati ndi akumadzulo, kutsatira malangizo a sayansi ndi ukadaulo, mafashoni, ndi chitukuko chobiriwira, kulabadira mitundu yowonjezereka, kukonza ubwino, ndikupanga mitundu, ndikuyesetsa kupanga ma board afupiafupi ndi kupanga ma board aatali.
Motsogozedwa ndi "Pulani", Hubei yapanga mapulani enieni opititsa patsogolo makampani opanga zovala. Sheng Yuechun adati kumbali imodzi, madera onse ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pazabwino zamafakitale, kuchita bwino kwambiri pakukweza ndalama, kulimbikitsa ndalama zina, ndikulimbitsa kuyambitsa mabizinesi otsogola, mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso mitundu yatsopano yamabizinesi; Kumbali ina, tifunika kutsogolera pakupanga zinthu zatsopano, kukhazikika pa zenizeni, ndikuyika ndikukhazikitsa mapulojekiti angapo okonzanso mafakitale, kafukufuku wasayansi ndi ukadaulo, komanso mapulojekiti olimbikitsa unyolo.
Kuyambitsidwa kwa "Dongosolo" mosakayikira kudzawonjezera moto wina pakusintha ndi kukweza makampani opanga zovala mdziko lonselo. Munthu wamkulu woyang'anira mzinda wa Tianmen anati moona mtima: "Makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ndi makampani achikhalidwe a Tianmen, ndipo chidwi chachikulu cha Komiti Yachipani cha chigawo ndi boma la chigawo chawonjezera chidaliro cha kuchitapo kanthu kwina mumzinda uliwonse."
Munthu wamkulu woyang'anira Dipatimenti Yachuma ndi Chidziwitso ku Hubei anati: “Kuti agwire ntchito yabwino pobwezera makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ndikuthandizira chitukuko chapamwamba cha makampani opanga zovala, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Xiantao, Qianjiang ndi malo ena ambiri ayambitsa mfundo ndi njira zokhala ndi golide wambiri komanso zolinga zamphamvu.”
Kaya ndi kuchokera ku unyolo wa mafakitale kapena kugawa zovala, makampani opanga zovala ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Cholinga chachikulu cha chitukuko cha makampani opanga zovala m'madera osiyanasiyana a Chigawo cha Hubei ndi chosiyana, ndipo chitukuko chosiyana cha unyolo wonse ndi magulu angapo m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana m'chigawochi chingapewe kuyanjana ndi mpikisano wotsika, kulimbikitsa njira yosiyanitsa ndi mgwirizano, ndikulola malo aliwonse kukhala ndi "malo akeake" akuluakulu.
Wuhan, monga likulu la chigawo, ili ndi mayendedwe osavuta, maluso ambiri, komanso zabwino kwambiri pakupanga zovala, malonda azinthu, kafukufuku wasayansi komanso zatsopano. Wang Yuancheng, membala wa Party Leadership Group komanso wachiwiri kwa meya wa Wuhan Municipal People's Government, anati: "Wuhan ikulimbitsa mgwirizano ndi Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Textile University ndi akatswiri ena pakupanga zinthu, ukadaulo wofunikira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu. Mwa kukulitsa mfundo zatsopano zokulira, tidzagwira ntchito molimbika pakufufuza ndi kupanga nsalu zogwira ntchito, nsalu zatsopano za zovala ndi nsalu zamafakitale kuti tiwonjezere mpikisano wa magawo a nsalu ndi zovala."
Malo osungiramo zinthu a Hankou North Clothing City Phase II ndi malo akuluakulu osonkhanitsira zinthu za Han ku Central China. Cao Tianbin, purezidenti wa Hankou North Group, adalengeza kuti pakadali pano malo osungiramo zinthu ali ndi mabizinesi 143 a zovala, kuphatikiza amalonda 33 azinthu zogulitsa, amalonda 30 a pa intaneti, mabizinesi awiri amalonda a pa intaneti odutsa malire, ndi magulu 78 owulutsa zinthu amoyo.
– Ku Jingzhou, zovala za ana zakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga zovala am'deralo. Pa Msonkhano wa Chitukuko cha Makampani Opanga Nsalu ndi Zovala ku China wa 2023 womwe unachitikira ku Jingzhou, mapulojekiti opitilira 5.2 biliyoni a nsalu ndi zovala adasainidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndi ndalama zomwe zagwirizana za pafupifupi 37 biliyoni ya yuan. Jingzhou yawonetsanso zabwino zake zachikhalidwe pankhani ya zovala za ana ndi ana kuti apange tawuni yagolide ya ana.
– “Qianjiang Tailor” ndi imodzi mwa makampani khumi apamwamba kwambiri ogwira ntchito ku China. Ponena za kukonza zovala, makampani opanga zovala ku Qianjiang agwirizana ndi makampani ambiri ogulitsa zovala; makampani opanga mathalauza a akazi a Xiantao omwe akutsogolera dzikolo, tawuni yotchuka ya mathalauza a akazi ku China yomwe ili mumzinda wa Maozui ili pano; Tianmen ikuyembekeza kupita patsogolo kwambiri pankhani ya malonda apaintaneti, ndikukhazikitsa kampani ya zovala yachigawo ya “Tianmen clothing”…
Kuphatikiza njira zochepetsera ndalama
Pakiyi ndi malo enieni ochitira kusamutsa mafakitale, omwe angasonkhanitse mafakitale ogwirizana m'derali ndikupanga zabwino zazikulu. "Pulaniyi" ikupereka lingaliro lotsogolera maboma am'deralo kuti ayang'ane kwambiri zabwino ndi makhalidwe a mafakitale, kukonzekera kumanga mapaki ofunikira, ndikukweza mphamvu zogwirira ntchito. Pakati pawo, Xiantao, Tianmen, Jingmen, Xiaogan ndi makampani ena ogulitsa zovala ku Guangdong.
Mu Xiantao City Maozui Town clothing industrial Park, mzere wanzeru wopanga zovala ukuyenda bwino. Pa kompyuta, kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zovala pamzere wopangira zovala kumalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane. "Pakiyi ili ndi malo okwana ma mu 5,000, ndi mafakitale opitilira 1.8 miliyoni okhala ndi mafakitale okhazikika komanso makampani pafupifupi 400 okhudzana ndi zovala," adatero mlembi wa chipani cha tawuni ya Maozui, Liu Taoyong.
Kuwerengera ndalama zogulira ndiye nkhani yaikulu yoti mabizinesi apulumuke. Choyamba, mfundo zokondera, kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira mabizinesi, ndi njira yofunika kwambiri kwa maboma onse ku Hubei kuti akope mabizinesi ogulitsa zovala kuti akhazikikenso.
Mtengo wa malo ndiye gawo lalikulu la kuwerengera ndalama zogulira mabizinesi, mtengo wotsika mtengo wa malo ndi mwayi waukulu wa Hubei poyerekeza ndi madera otukuka m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pofuna kuthandizira kwambiri chitukuko cha mabizinesi osamukasamuka poyamba kuchita bizinesi, boma likukhazikitsa kuchepetsa lendi kwa mabizinesi omwe amakhala m'mapaki amakampani pafupifupi "chakudya chofunikira" m'ndondomeko zomwe zayambitsidwa mdziko lonselo.
"Xiantao amaona makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ngati makampani akuluakulu." Xiantao City, munthu wamkulu wotsogolera anati Xiantao City ikwaniritsa zofunikira za makampani opanga zovala, malinga ndi kukula kwa ndalama zothandizira lendi pachaka za kampaniyo kwa zaka zitatu.
Ndondomeko zofananazi zikufikiranso ku Qianjiang, mkulu wa Qianjiang Zhonglun Shangge clothing manufacturing Co., LTD., wauza atolankhani kuti: "Pakadali pano, kampani yomwe yabwereka fakitaleyi ili ndi ndalama zothandizira, kusamutsa mabizinesi kulinso ndi mfundo zapadera, kotero 'kunyumba' ndipo sikunawononge ndalama zambiri."
Mtengo wa zinthu zomwe makampani opanga zovala amafunikira kuyang'anitsitsa sunganyalanyazidwe. Popeza panalibe vuto lililonse, mtengo wa zinthu zomwe makampani opanga zovala ku Hubei amafunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri. Kodi mungachepetse bwanji ndalama zomwe makampani opanga zovala amafunikira? Kumbali imodzi, sonkhanitsani makampani opanga zinthu kuti apereke mwayi kwa makampani opanga zinthu kuti asonkhanitse mwachangu ma phukusi ofulumira ndikugawa zinthuzo; Kumbali ina, kuyika makampani opanga zinthu kuti apereke mfundo ndi malo osavuta kwa makampani opanga zinthu.
Boma lachita khama lalikulu pokambirana ndi makampani okonza zinthu. Munthu wamkulu woyang'anira mzinda wa Tianmen anawerengera nkhani kwa mtolankhaniyo: "Kale, makampani okonza zovala a Tianmen anali ndi mtengo woposa mayuan awiri, kuposa Guangdong." Pambuyo pa zokambirana pang'onopang'ono, mtengo wokonza zinthu wa Tianmen wachepetsedwa ndi theka, ngakhale pang'ono kuposa mtengo wa unit logistics ku Guangdong."
Kuti tigwiritse ntchito mfundozi, kukhazikitsa ndiye chinsinsi. Munthu wamkulu woyang'anira Dipatimenti Yachuma ndi Chidziwitso ku Hubei anati Hubei yakhazikitsa kwambiri njira yogwirira ntchito ya "utali wa unyolo + unyolo waukulu + kupanga unyolo" ndipo yapanga mapulani onse olimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala. Hubei yamanga ndikupanga njira yokwezera makampani motsogozedwa ndi atsogoleri a zigawo, yoyendetsedwa ndi madipatimenti a zigawo, yothandizidwa ndi magulu a akatswiri, komanso yoyendetsedwa ndi magulu apadera ogwira ntchito. Gulu lapadera la ogwira ntchito limatsogozedwa ndi Dipatimenti Yachuma ndi Ukadaulo Wazidziwitso ku Hubei, ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa madipatimenti angapo kuti agwirizane ndikuthetsa mavuto akuluakulu pakukula kwa mafakitale. Kusintha ndi kukweza makampani opanga zovala kukukula ku Jingchu.
Ndondomeko zokondera makampani
Makampani ndi omwe amapanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ndi omwe akusintha ndi kukweza makampani opanga zovala ku Hubei. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akuvutika kunja, makampani ambiri opanga zovala ku Hubei ali ndi mtima wofuna kubwerera kwawo komanso kukulitsa kwawo.
Liu Jianyong ndiye woyang'anira Tianmen Yuezi Clothing Co., LTD., yemwe wagwira ntchito mwakhama ku Guangdong kwa zaka zambiri ndipo wamanga fakitale yakeyake yopanga zinthu. Mu Marichi 2021, Liu Jianyong anabwerera kwawo ku Tianmen ndipo anayambitsa Yue Zi Clothing Company.
"Mkhalidwe wakunyumba uli bwino." Mkhalidwe womwe Liu Jianyong adatchula, kumbali imodzi, ukutanthauza malo oyendetsera mfundo, ndipo mfundo zingapo zothandizira zimapangitsa Liu Jianyong kukhala womasuka; Kumbali ina, maziko a makampani opanga zovala a Tianmen ndi abwino.
Atsogoleri angapo a mabizinesi anati mfundo zokomera anthu ndizofunikira kwambiri powakopa kuti abwerere kwawo kuti akachite chitukuko.
Qidian Group ndi kampani yoyimira makampani opanga zovala ku Tianmen, yomwe inalekanitsa gawo la bizinesi yake ndi Guangzhou kupita ku Tianmen mu 2021. Pakadali pano, kampaniyi yakhazikitsa makampani angapo okhudzana ndi kupanga zovala, kuphatikizapo kupereka zinthu zokongoletsa pamwamba, kupanga zovala, kugulitsa zinthu pa intaneti, ndi zinthu zoyendera mwachangu.
"Maoda akhala akuchulukirachulukira m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, ndipo ndalama zosungiramo katundu ndi antchito ku Guangzhou ndi zokwera kwambiri, ndipo kutayika kwake ndi kwakukulu." Fei Wen, mtsogoleri wa kampaniyo, adauza atolankhani kuti, "Nthawi yomweyo, mfundo za Tianmen zidatikhudza, ndipo boma lidachitanso msonkhano ku Guangzhou kuti akope ndalama ndikuchita nawo mabizinesi mwachangu." Pakati pa "kukakamiza ndi kukoka", kubwerera kunyumba kwakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri.
Liu Gang anabwerera kwawo kukayambitsa bizinesi kudzera munjira ina - anzake akumudzi ndi anzake akumudzi. Anagwira ntchito ku Guangzhou mu 2002 monga wosoka. "Ndinabwerera ku Qianjiang kuchokera ku Guangzhou mu Meyi 2022, makamaka kukonza maoda a nsanja yamalonda ya pa intaneti yodutsa malire." Bizinesi yakhala yabwino kuyambira pomwe ndinabwerera, ndipo maoda ndi okhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mfundo zokomera anthu m'mudzi mwathu, kotero anandilangiza kuti ndibwererenso ndikagwire ntchito limodzi." Liu Gang anati atamvetsetsa momwe zinthu zilili pakukula kwa nyumba zazing'ono zobwerera, adatengapo gawo loti atenge gawoli lobwerera kwawo.
Kuwonjezera pa mfundo zomwe zili m'malo oyendetsera ntchito, banja ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kubwerera kwawo. Kafukufuku wa mtolankhani adapeza kuti pakati pa obwerera, kaya ndi amalonda kapena antchito, ambiri mwa iwo ali "pambuyo pa 80″, makamaka ali mu mkhalidwe wakale komanso waung'ono.
Liu Gang anabadwa mu 1987, iye anauza atolankhani kuti, "Tsopano ana ali kusukulu ya pulayimale, makolo akalamba. Kubwerera kunyumba ndi chifukwa cha ntchito kumbali imodzi, ndipo kusamalira makolo ndi ana kumbali inayo."
Makampani ali ngati atsekwe akuthengo, omwe amasankha malo ogwirira ntchito antchito a mafakitale. Li Hongxia ndi wantchito wamba wosoka, wazaka 20 kuchokera kum'mwera kupita kumpoto kukagwira ntchito, tsopano ali ndi zaka 40. "Pambuyo pa zaka zonsezi, ndilibe nthawi yosamalira banja langa. Makampani angapo ovala zovala adabwerera kuti awonjezere mwayi wopeza ntchito mumzinda wanga, ndipo ine ndi mwamuna wanga tinakambirana zobwerera kuntchito, komanso kusamalira okalamba ndi ana. Pakadali pano, ndimapeza pafupifupi ma yuan 10,000 pamwezi," adatero Li Hongxia.
Zotsatira zake zikuyamba kusonyeza mphamvu
Pakadali pano, makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei akumanga pang'onopang'ono unyolo wopereka zinthu ndikusintha kwambiri unyolo wa mafakitale motsatira njira yopititsira patsogolo "sayansi ndi ukadaulo, mafashoni ndi zobiriwira", motero kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa unyolo wamtengo wapatali ndikukwaniritsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha makampani. Ndi kukhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zandale, makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei awonetsa kusintha kwabwino.
Kukula kwa mgwirizano wa mafakitale kwakula kwambiri. Kutengera ndi kuchulukana kwa makampani omwe adasonkhanitsa kale, zotsatira za chitukuko cha mgwirizano wa makampani opanga zovala ku Hubei ndizodziwikiratu. Wuhan, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Xiantao, Qianjiang ndi malo ena apanga gawo linalake la malo opangira zovala. Mizinda yambiri yotchuka yamafakitale monga Hanchuan, Mzinda wotchuka wopanga zovala ku China, Cenhe Town, tawuni yotchuka ya mathalauza azimayi ku China, Maozui Town, ndi Tianmen City, malo owonetsera zovala ku China, awonekera.
Ku Tianmen, malo opangira zovala zoyera pa intaneti akumangidwa. Wang Zhonghua, wapampando wa Baima Group, anati: “Pakadali pano, kubwereketsa ndi kugulitsa mafakitale a kampaniyo kuli bwino, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo agulitsidwa.”
Pofuna kuchita mgwirizano wapamwamba komanso wotsika komanso wamtsogolo kuti pakhale chitukuko cha makampani opanga zovala ku Hubei, kudalira zabwino za sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso zabwino za luso, Hubei Huafeng Supply Chain Company ndi makampani asanu ndi anayi ku Huangshi, Jingzhou, Huanggang, Xiantao, Qianjiang, Tianmen ndi madera ena akhazikitsidwa. Qi Zhiping, wapampando wa Hubei Huafeng Supply Chain Co., Ltd. adayambitsa kuti: "Huafeng chain ikupitilizabe kuyesetsa kusintha ndikukweza makina anzeru a digito m'mafakitale achikhalidwe, kufufuza momwe zinthu za digito zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, kukonza mulingo woyendetsera deta yamakampani nthawi yeniyeni, ndikuwonjezera luso logwiritsa ntchito digito la makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Hubei."
Zatsopano zakhala mphamvu yaikulu yoyendetsera chitukuko. Yunivesite ya Wuhan Textile ndi yunivesite yokhayo yamba ku China yotchedwa dzina la nsalu, yokhala ndi makhalidwe osiyana a makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala, ndipo ili ndi mabungwe angapo ofufuza ndi chitukuko cha dziko monga State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials ndi Advanced Processing Technology yomangidwa pamodzi ndi madipatimenti a zigawo ndi a unduna. Podalira zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, Yunivesite ya Wuhan Textile imachita gawo la mabungwe "opanga unyolo", imalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zatsopano za sayansi ndi ukadaulo, komanso imagwira ntchito yopititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha makampani opanga zovala. "Mu gawo lotsatira, Yunivesite ya Wuhan Textile idzachita kafukufuku wogwirizana komanso wogwirizana pa ukadaulo wofunikira ndi makampani oyenerera kuti alimbikitse kusintha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zachitika pa sayansi ndi ukadaulo." Feng Jun, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Yunivesite ya Wuhan Textile.
Zachidziwikire, kusamutsa mafakitale sikudzakhala bwino, ndipo pakadali mavuto ambiri oyesa nzeru, kulimba mtima ndi kupirira kwa maboma ndi mabizinesi onse ku Hubei.
Kusowa kwa antchito ndi vuto lomwe likubwera nthawi yomweyo. Mpikisano wa antchito ochokera m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja suli wopepuka. "Tili ndi maoda, koma tilibe mphamvu." Poyang'anizana ndi maoda ambiri, vuto lolemba antchito likupangitsa Xie Wenshuang, munthu wotsogolera kupanga nzeru za Shang, kukhala ndi mutu. Monga mkulu wa boma, Meya wa Xiantao City Sanfutan Town Liu Zhengchuan akumvetsa kufunika kwachangu kwa mabizinesi, "kusowa kwa antchito ndi vuto lomwe mabizinesi nthawi zambiri amaliganizira, lomwe tikuyesera kuthetsa." Liu Zhengchuan adabwereka mabasi 60 kupita kumzinda ndi chigawo china kuti "abe" anthu, "koma iyi si yankho la nthawi yayitali, silikugwirizana ndi chitukuko chogwirizana cha mafakitale, gawo lathu lotsatira ndikupita ku madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kukonza kuchuluka kwa ntchito m'chigawocho."
Kupanga chizindikiro kumagwira ntchito bwino nthawi yayitali. Poyerekeza ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, Hubei ilibe mitundu yodziyimira payokha ya zovala, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafakitale kuli kochepa. Mwachitsanzo, mabizinesi ambiri odziwika bwino opanga zovala zamtundu wa kampani ku Hubei, Xiantao, opanga ndi kukonza zovala pakadali pano akuyenera kuchita maoda a OEM, mabizinesi opitilira 80% alibe chizindikiro, mtundu womwe ulipo ndi waung'ono, wofalikira, wosiyanasiyana. "Ubwino wa zovala zopangidwa ku Qianjiang ndi wabwino, ndipo sitili oipa paukadaulo, koma kumanga chizindikiro chodziwika bwino ndi njira yayitali," adatero Liu Sen, mlembi wamkulu wa Qianjiang Textile Industry Association.
Kuphatikiza apo, ubwino wina woyerekeza wa madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi ma board achidule omwe Hubei iyenera kupanga. Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chingawulule momwe amalonda akudikira ndikuwona za chitukuko cha makampani opanga zovala mumzinda wawo ndichakuti makampani ambiri sakuchoka konse m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma akusunga mafakitale awo ndi antchito awo kumeneko.
N'zovuta kudutsa panjira, ndipo njira yomwe ili patsogolo ndi yayitali. Kusintha ndi kukweza makampani opanga zovala ku Hubei kukuchitika, bola mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa atathetsedwa, padzakhala zovala zapamwamba kwambiri mdziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Magwero: Economic Daily, Hubei Industrial Information, Network
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-22-2024