Kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zili ku US pakadali pano kuli kotsika kwambiri, ndipo kotala loyamba la 2024 likuyembekezeka kulowa mu kubwezeretsanso zinthu. Popeza dziko la United States lalowa mu gawo la kubwezeretsanso zinthu, kodi kutumiza kunja kwa China kuli ndi gawo lotani?
Zhou Mi, wofufuza ku Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation of the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, akukhulupirira kuti momwe United States ikubwezereranso zinthu zomwe China imagwiritsa ntchito pa katundu wake, kumbali imodzi, United States yawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito katundu wake m'nyumba ngati chuma chikukwera, zina mwa zinthuzi zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku China, zina zimatumizidwa kuchokera kumayiko ena, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ku United States sikudzakhudza kwambiri katundu wotumizidwa ku China. Chifukwa chakuti United States tsopano ikugawa magwero ake ogulitsa, gawo la China pamsika wogulitsa katundu ku United States lagawidwa pamlingo winawake. Kumbali ina, limachokeranso ku kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale ku United States. Pakukula kwa makampani opanga zinthu ku United States, zinthu zopangira zambiri ndi zinthu zapakati ziyenera kutumizidwa, zomwe zasintha momwe zinthu zomaliza zimatumizira. China ndi imodzi mwa opanga zinthu zapakati padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kupanga zinthu ku China kungathandize pakukula kwa mafakitale ndi mabizinesi oyenera ku United States. Kuphatikiza apo, China ili ndi mwayi wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi pakupanga zinthu zina zobiriwira, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zatsopano ndi ukadaulo wotsika wa kaboni, zomwe zipereka gawo lofunikira kwambiri lothandizira United States pakubwezeretsa zinthu zake ndikusintha kapangidwe kake ka mphamvu.
Ni Yueju, wofufuza ku Institute of World Economics and Politics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, anati mphamvu ya kubwezeretsanso kwa US pa katundu wochokera ku China imakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu wochokera ku China komanso kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa US. Kuchokera m'mbiri yakale, zinthu zomwe zili ndi gawo lalikulu ku China zimakula mofulumira; Pamene mphamvu ya kubwezeretsanso katundu ku US ili yayikulu, kuchuluka kwapakati kwa katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku US wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kumakhala kwakukulu. Ngakhale kuti gawo la katundu wochokera ku China wochokera ku US watsika chifukwa cha mikangano yamalonda pakati pa China ndi US, China ikadali dziko lachitatu lotumiza katundu wochokera ku US. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa gawo la katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku United States kumadalira kwambiri zinthu zokwera mtengo, ndipo ubwino wachikhalidwe wa China sukhudzidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo lalikulu, monga makampani opepuka, zovala, zinthu zazing'ono, makina ndi zida, zipangizo zapakhomo ndi mipando. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kukoka kwa zinthu zomwe China imatumiza kunja kungakhudzidwe ndi unyolo wa malo monga zipangizo zapakhomo ndi mipando; zitsulo, makina ndi unyolo wina womanga nyumba; Zovala, nsalu ndi malo ena ogulitsira zinthu kwa ogula.
Li Hongbing, pulofesa ku Sukulu ya Zachuma ndi Kasamalidwe ka Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, amakhulupirira kuti pamene United States ilowa mu gawo lobwezeretsanso, kuchokera kumbali yopereka, gawo lalikulu la zinthu ku China, kusinthasintha kwa kukula nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu; Kuchokera kumbali yofuna, pamene kubwezeretsa zinthu ku United States kuli kolimba, kuchuluka kwapakati kwa kutumiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana ku United States kumakhala kokwera. M'magawo awiri apitawa a kubwezeretsanso zinthu ku United States, nthawi ya 2020-2022 ndi nthawi yobwezeretsa zinthu mwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwa kutumiza zinthu kuchokera ku China kupita ku United States ndi 5.7%, ndipo nthawi ya 2016-2018 ndi nthawi yofooka yobwezeretsanso zinthu, ndipo pakati ndi 1.3% yokha. Pansi pa nthawi yofooka yobwezeretsanso zinthu, pali kusiyana pang'ono pakukula kwa kutumiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana ku China, ndipo ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe zinthuzo zimakhudzira kufunikira.
Gawo la katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku United States latsika, koma chiwerengero cha zinthu zopikisana chikadali chachikulu. Pofika mu Novembala 2023, gawo la katundu wochokera ku China ku US latsika kuchoka pa 22% mu 2018 kufika pa 14%, kubwerera ku mulingo wa 2006. Komabe, China ndi imodzi mwa makampani atatu apamwamba ochokera ku US, kumbuyo kwa Mexico ndi Canada. Mkangano wamalonda wa Sino-US ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa gawo, koma sichingathe kufotokoza zonse, katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku United States wosakhala wa msonkho akadali wapamwamba kwambiri. Pambuyo pa 2018, United States idayika misonkho yowonjezera ku China m'magulu anayi, ndipo zinthu zomwe zidatsika kwambiri mu gawo la katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku United States zidakhazikika muzinthu zokwera mtengo, ndipo zinthu zosakhala za msonkho zomwe zidatumizidwa ku United States zidafika pamlingo watsopano ndipo sizinakhudzidwe kwambiri. Kumbali ina, gawo la katundu wochokera ku China ku United States likugwirizananso ndi kufunika kwa katundu wochokera ku United States, ndipo pamene kufunika kwa katundu wochokera ku United States kubwereranso, katundu wochokera ku China akhoza kukonzedwanso pamlingo winawake. Ubwino wa katundu wochokera ku China ku United States ndi mafakitale opepuka, zovala, katundu waung'ono, makina ndi zida, zipangizo zapakhomo ndi mipando.
Chitsime: China Textiles
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-25-2024